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Examene

 
 
 The list of practical skills in the discipline of Clinical anatomy for students 2nd year, Medicine II faculty, autumn semester, 2023-2024
  1. Set of questions for the clinical anatomy practical exam (2023 academic year).

    Faculty of Medicine

    General definitions (notions )
    Clinical anatomy of the head
     Explain the pathways of spreading of pus from the deep region of the face
     Explain the spreading of pus from the floor of the mouth
     Explain different types of wounds in the face region
     Explain different types of incisions on the epicranial tissues
     Explain different stages of hemostasis in epicranial tissues
     Explain different methods of hemostasis in hemorrhages from the bones of the skull
     Explain different methods of hemostasis of the hemorrhage of middle meningeal injury
     Explain different methods of hemostasis in lesions of the sinuses of the dura mater
     What are the different incisions given in the facial region of the head
     Explain the types of incisions given in the surgical treatment of maxillofacial wounds
     Explain step by step how to do Maxillary sinus trepanation (Highmori), indications,
    technique
     Explain steps of scalping the wounds
     Explain how to do Antrotomy Give Definition, layers, intraoperative complications.

    Cervical region
     Explain the critical arterial supply of the neck – Explain the important Anatomical
    structures justifying its blood circulation
     Explain the boundaries of the Pirogov triangle on the neck, the muscle attachments and
    the structures determining its limits
     Explain pathways of spreading of pus from the lateral cervical triangle
     Explain the recurrent nerves and the muscle attachments with the trachea and esophagus
    in the cervical region, the practical importance
     Explain the surgical anatomy of the thoracic duct on the neck – the path, confluence,
    neighboring formations
     Explain the incisions given to drain the phlegmon of the facial sheath of the medial
    vascular bundle of the neck
     Explain the incisions given in suprasternal phlegmon, stratigraphy, complications.
     Explain the incisions on the neck in case of retrovisceral phlegmon, layers.
     Explain how will you surgically do management of neck wounds.
     Explain the incisions given for upper tracheostomy - indications, technique,
    complications.
     Explain the incisions in the lower tracheostomy - indications, technique, complications.
     Explain the incisions in conicotomy - indications, technique.
     Explain how will you perform tracheostomy in children.
     Explain how will you treat the puncture of the subclavicular vein - indications, technique,
    complications.
     Explain how will you treat the puncture of the internal jugular vein? Explain all the
    important structures anatomically

    Thoracic region
     Anatomy of the pleural costodiaphragmatic sinus – its limits, different structures and the
    depth.
     Explain the structures and topography of the heart and its components
     Explain the topography of the aortic arch and its branches, the relationship with the
    neighboring structures
     Explain the topography of the thoracic duct in the posterior mediastinum
     Explain Persistent arterial channel (Botallo) – concept, blood circulation changes.
     Explain what kind of incisions can be given to discharge pus from purulent mastitis and
    retromammary phlegmon
     Anatomical-clinical particularities in the pleural cavity puncture in case of hydrothorax.
     Anatomical-clinical particularities in the pleural cavity puncture in pneumothorax, the
    place of pre-election, the stratigraphy.
     Types of pneumothorax in chest trauma and their particularities
     Anatomical-clinical particularities of pericardial puncture and its complications.
     Clinical anatomy of the diaphragm.
     Anatomic-clinical argumentation of intercostal anesthesia.
    Abdominal region
     Demonstrate the projection of the organs on the antero-lateral abdominal wall.
     Topography of the ligamentous system of the liver, practical importance.
     Segmental scheme of the liver according to Couinaud, notion of segment, practical
    importance, vascularization, innervation, lymphatic drainage
     Anatomical-surgical principles in laparotom
     Anatomical argumentation of surgical approaches to the pancreas.
     ​​Meckel's diverticulum - concept, types, location, practical importance.
     The congenital megacolon (Hirschsprung disease), concept, morphofunctional changes.
     Umbilical fistulas, types in anatomic-functional aspect.
     Explain small intestine according by the Gubarev procedure.
     Classification of external abdominal hernias according to location, production
    mechanism and clinical signs.
     Surgical anatomy of inguinal hernias
     Explain the innervation and vascularization of the antero-lateral abdominal wall
    Lumbar region and retroperitoneal space
     Explain the radiation of pain in the region of the external genitalia and the antero-medial
    face of the thigh in case of ureteral disorders.
     Argue the possible approaches to the kidneys: extra and transperitoneal.
     Spinal puncture. The technique.
     Places of low resistance. Lumbar hernias.
     Retroperitoneal space. Boundaries and composition.
    Spine region
     Lumbar subarachnoid puncture, anatomic-clinical arguments, stratigraphy.

     Anatomical-clinical argumentation of epidural anesthesia, stratigraphy.
     Explain subarachnoid anesthesia anatomy-topographically
     Anatomical-clinical argumentation of spondylodesis of the spine - indications, types.
     Anatomical-clinical argumentation of vertebral laminectomy - indications, essence.
    Pelvis and perineum region.
     Notions of congenital malformations of the pelvic organs (exstrophy, diverticulitis,
    epispadias, hypospadias), operative principles.
     Layered access ways in the drainage of the prevesical space.
     Bladder puncture - indications, stratigraphy, technique.
     Possible approaches to the prostate.
     Puncture of rectouterine excavation (Douglas) through the bottom of the vaginal sac -
    indications, technique.
     Blockage of the pudendal nerve - indications, technique.
     Hemorrhoidectomy. Surgical anatomy.
    The upper limb
     Puncture of the shoulder joint.
     Ulnar joint, constitution, ligaments, vessels and nerves.
     Ulnar arterial anastomoses.
     The ways of spreading pus from the fascial lodges of the metacarpal of the hand.
     Typical incisions in commissural phlegmon, spread of pus.
     The ways of diffusion of purulence in tendovaginitis of the I and V fingers of the actual
    hand.
     Tography of the anatomical formations in the transverse sections of the proximal and
    distal phalanges (schematic drawing).
     The Panarites. Definition. Classification according to the morpho-clinical criterion.
     The projection of the joint lines on the phalanges of the fingers of the hand.
     The radial nerve compression syndrome in the ulnar region, mechanism, manifestations.
     Median nerve compression syndrome in the carpal tunnel, mechanism, manifestations.
     Ulnar nerve compression syndrome in the ulnar region, mechanism, manifestations.
     Displacement of bone fragments in fractures of the forearm bones at different levels.
     Ulnar arterial collateral blood circulation pathways.
     Puncture of the ulnar joint.

    The lower limb
     Possible ways of spreading pus from the gluteal region
     Possible ways of spreading pus from the coxofemoral joint.
     Prove the Quenu line.
     Femoral hernia. Femoral canal.
     Sciatic nerve projection.
     Possible ways of spreading pus from the popliteal fossa.
     Topografia articulaţiei genunchiului.

     What are the functional disorders manifested in tibial nerve damage at the levels of the
    popliteal fossa
     The position of the bone fragments and the lower limb in the femoral neck fracture.
     Anatomical cause of bone consolidation disorders in the distal third of the tibial bone.
     Particularities of collateral blood circulation in the arterial and venous system of the calf.
     Particularities of the collateral blood circulation in the arterial system at the level of the
    thigh and the gluteal region of the calf.
     Synovial bursae of the knee.

    Surgical instruments
     Surgical instruments for cutting
     Surgical instruments for hemostasis
     Surgical instruments for handling tissues
     Surgical instruments for exposure (distant).
     Surgical instruments for suturing.
     Surgical knots. Simple, surgical, square knot.

 
Set of tests for exam in the discipline of Clinical anatomy for students 2nd year, Medicine II faculty, autumn semester, 2023-2024

Teme pentru Licență

Teme pentru Licență 2016

Teme pentru Licenţă 2014

Teme pentru Licenţă 2013

Teme pentru Licenţă 2011

 

 
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